Metaphorical Usage and Scare Quotes

Metaphorical Usage and Scare Quotes Metaphorical Usage and Scare Quotes Metaphorical Usage and Scare Quotes By Mark Nichol Writers often mistakenly believe they are being helpful when, in the act of using a word or phrase in a nonliteral sense, they frame the term in quotation marks intended to alert readers, â€Å"This usage is not being employed in its original sense!† However, because readers generally are able to make the cognitive leap to understand that the use of a word or phrase is metaphorical, such symbols- in this role called scare quotes- are almost invariably a distracting and even condescending device. As recommended in the discussions following each example and as demonstrated in the accompanying revisions, avoid such extraneous hand-holding except when coining a new metaphorical word or phrase. 1. In this regard, many companies are starting with a â€Å"clean slate.† It’s clear from the context of this sentence that the businesses in question are beginning with no expectations, records, or some other factor or component, not with a writing surface that has just been wiped: â€Å"In this regard, many companies are starting with a clean slate.† 2. If a combination of these and other â€Å"red flags† are noted, the board should investigate them. Brightly colored rectangles of fabric are obviously not under discussion here; the reference is clearly to abstract warning signs such as incongruous data or odd behavior: â€Å"If a combination of these and other red flags are noted, the board should investigate them.† 3. The board should be informed of matters related to financial reporting raised by â€Å"whistle-blowers.† The reference to employment of a loud noise-making device is obviously an allusion to the desire of a person to get the attention of authorities and/or the media when he or she discovers institutional wrongdoing: â€Å"The board should be informed of matters related to financial reporting raised by whistle-blowers.† 4. Employees can be tempted to â€Å"cut corners† and act in an unethical manner. It’s obvious that the workers under discussion face the temptation of figuratively, not literally, avoiding negotiating right angles as they navigate their way through the workday: â€Å"Employees can be tempted to cut corners and act in an unethical manner.† 5. Such policies are discouraged because they can create a â€Å"slippery slope† in practice. Readers will understand that no unsafe inclines are implied by the use of the scare-quoted phrase; the wording refers to the potential difficulty of controlling or halting something once it has been allowed to begin or occur: â€Å"Such policies are discouraged because they can create a slippery slope in practice.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive InterjectionsUsing the Active Voice to Strengthen Your Writing20 Ways to Laugh

Dead Metaphor Definition and Examples

Dead Metaphor Definition and Examples A dead metaphor is traditionally defined as a  figure of speech that has lost its force and imaginative effectiveness through frequent use. Also known as a  frozen metaphor or a historical metaphor. Contrast with creative metaphor. Over the past several decades, cognitive linguists have criticized the dead metaphor theory- the view that a conventional metaphor is dead and no longer influences thought: The mistake derives from a basic confusion: it assumes that those things in our cognition that are most alive and most active are those that are conscious. On the contrary, those that are most alive and most deeply entrenched, efficient, and powerful are those that are so automatic as to be unconscious and effortless. (G. Lakoff and M. Turner, Philosophy in the Flesh. Basic Books, 1989) As  I.A. Richards said back in 1936: This favorite old distinction between dead and living metaphors (itself a two-fold metaphor) needs a drastic re-examination (The Philosophy of Rhetoric) Examples and Observations Kansas City is oven hot, dead metaphor or no dead metaphor. (Zadie Smith, On the Road: American Writers and Their Hair, July 2001)An example of a dead metaphor would be the body of an essay. In this example, body was initially an expression that drew on the metaphorical image of human anatomy applied to the subject matter in question. As a dead metaphor, body of an essay literally means the main part of an essay, and no longer suggests anything new that might be suggested by an anatomical referent. In that sense, body of an essay is no longer a metaphor, but merely a literal statement of fact, or a dead metaphor. (Michael P. Marks, The Prison as Metaphor. Peter Lang, 2004)Many venerable metaphors have been literalized into everyday items of language: a clock has a face (unlike human or animal face), and on that face are hands (unlike biological hands); only in terms of clocks can hands be located on a face. . . . The deadness of a metaphor and its status as a clichà © are relative m atters. Hearing for the first time that life is no bed of roses, someone might be swept away by its aptness and vigor. (Tom McArthur, Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 1992) [A] so-called dead metaphor is not a metaphor at all, but merely an expression that no longer has a pregnant metaphorical use. (Max Black, More About Metaphor. Metaphor and Thought, 2nd ed., ed. by Andrew Ortony. Cambridge University Press, 1993) It's Alive! The dead metaphor account misses an important point: namely, that what is deeply entrenched, hardly noticed, and thus effortlessly used is most active in our thought. The metaphors . . . may be highly conventional and effortlessly used, but this does not mean that they have lost their vigor in thought and that they are dead. On the contrary, they are alive in the most important sense- they govern our thought- they are metaphors we live by. (Zoltn Kà ¶vecses, Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2002) Two Kinds of Death The expression dead metaphor- itself metaphorical- can be understood in at least two ways. On the one hand, a dead metaphor may be like a dead issue or a dead parrot; dead issues are not issues, dead parrots, as we all know, are not parrots. On this construal, a dead metaphor is simply not a metaphor. On the other hand, a dead metaphor may be more like a dead key on a piano; dead keys are still keys, albeit weak or dull, and so perhaps a dead metaphor, even if it lacks vivacity, is metaphor nonetheless. (Samuel Guttenplan, Objects of Metaphor. Oxford University Press, 2005) The Etymological Fallacy To suggest that words always carry with them something of what may have been an original metaphoric sense is not only a form of etymological fallacy; it is a remnant of that proper meaning superstition which I.A. Richards so effectively critiques. Because a term is used which was originally metaphorical, that is, which came from one domain of experience to define another, one cannot conclude that it necessarily continues to bring with it the associations which it had in that other domain. If it is a truly dead metaphor, it will not. (Gregory W. Dawes, The Body in Question: Metaphor and Meaning in the Interpretation of Ephesians 5:21-33. Brill, 1998)

Contribution of Tony Garnier and Le Corbusier Essay

Contribution of Tony Garnier and Le Corbusier - Essay Example Le Corbusier contributed to urban planning in a wide variety of contexts. One of his first forays into urbanism occurred during the 1920s when he was asked to develop structural ways of dealing with the growing squalor in the Parisian ghettos. Le Corbusier’s intention was to develop new ways of developing urban settings that would raise the quality of life for residents living in the region. Through a number of buildings and texts Le Corbusier would articulate a theory of urban planning that would become highly influential to 20th century urban planning. This theory was perhaps most comprehensively articulated in his five points on architecture. Within this approach the building structures would be lifted off the ground and walls that could be designed as the architect wished; he also made room for garden terraces and a view of the yard as a means of promoting improved atmosphere. In terms of specific influences, Le Corbusier is recognized as being among the first to recognize the importance of the automobile to 20th century planning. Within his theoretical work in this realm, Le Corbusier made great contributions to the notion of space as a shifting element of the contemporary world that individuals moved between. While this was initially an abstract notion, it would lead to urban developments in the construction of freeways and other pathways for automobiles. Even as Le Corbusier made great contributions to the theoretical development of the freeway system, his ideas did not go far enough in promoting modes of interaction within this space; as a result, later developers would have to change his theories to include exits and increased emphasis on interstate interaction. He is also credited as being among the first to theorize the contemporary city landscape, and many public housing designers in Europe and the United States have adopted his designs. His ideas oftentimes took the form of modernist notions wherein the messy urban landscape was replaced by well-designed and formed city-structures, with meticulously planned green areas. While these notions had great influence on later designers they also came under attack by theorists such as Jane Jacobs who argued that such design structures promoted stolid and boring social landscapes that were bad for modern living. Within the potential negative impacts Le Corbusier’s theories had was in its adoption by post World War II commercial real estate developers who sought artistic and intellectual justification for the construction of high efficiency housing domains that capitalized on land-use for the greatest potential profit. Tony Garnier’s contributions to 20th century urban planning came through a number of theoretical texts and planning projects that he undertook throughout his lifetimes. While his contributions span a wide range of mediums, his overarching theoretical approach is perhaps best articulated in the text Une Cite Industrialle (Hall 2002). In this text Garni er established the cultural context for his theories and linked 19th century planning techniques to the 20th century urban environment. Within the social climate of Garnier’s time were the prominent changes the Industrial Revolution had on daily existence. Among the most notable changes was the influx of individuals into city environments seeking work; this

Providing Treatment to Patients with Chronic Lower Back Pain Assignment

Providing Treatment to Patients with Chronic Lower Back Pain - Assignment Example Following CASP allows the researcher to evaluate if the research question illustrated is elaborated and clear enough or not. After evaluating the research question presented at the beginning of the research paper, it was identified that the research question entailed the generalized view of research aim. Careful analysis of research question indicated that the research would require the collection of data from different sources and rigorous data handling techniques for identifying emerging themes. However, it did not include the impact of patients’ profile and related physiotherapists responses on patient’s behaviour. However, the research aim appeared to display physiotherapists’ behaviour as an independent factor with no effect of other variables such as their own ethnic and social backgrounds on it. The research question usually investigates the importance of the research, earlier work in the same field and need for further exploration. Considering this criter ion, overall research does answer the given questions, however, its relevance to acute diseases and patients’ reactions is difficult to determine. The research question also fails to define how this research fills in the gap left between previous studies and desired level of information available (Haber and Lobiondo-Wood, 2008). On the other hand, there is a significant literary evidence present that defines how believing in what patient says affects the practice of a healthcare professional, the research question needed to define how patients’ input avoids making physiotherapists act like a novice but makes them prone to error caused by informative noise (Clarke and Iphofene, 2005; Jenson et al., 1994). Qualitative research can be defined as "any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of  quantification" (Strauss and Corbin, 1990). In scenarios where data collection involves personal histories and exp lanation of experiences and beliefs, in-depth interviews are more appropriate than any other qualitative method.

Managing Diversity Essay Example for Free

Managing Diversity Essay Various literatures indicate that managing diversity within today’s labor force has become a primary concern for companies and organizations today. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2012), compared with the labor force of past decades, today’s labor force is older, more racially and ethnically diverse, and composed of more women. Over the next decade, the labor force will become even more racially and ethnically diverse (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012). Non-Hispanic whites made up 67.5 percent of the U.S. labor force in 2010 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012). Bureau of Labor Statistics (2012), projects that this group will compose 62.3 percent of the labor force in 2020, a decline of 5.2 percent. By 2020, the Hispanic, Asian, and African American labor force are all supposed to make up 18.6, 5.7, and 12.0 percent, respectively (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012). The only way that diversity can be managed successfully is in an organizational culture that values diversity (Sidel, 2009). According to Kulik and Roberson (2009), when an organization values diversity, the people work better together. If people don’t work well together, the organization does not work well (Kulik Roberson, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to explain the difference between the terms managing diversity and valuing diversity, and the four key components that make up diversity management. Differences between Managing Diversity and Valuing Diversity In order to better understand how diversity management fits into an organizational culture that values diversity, certain distinctions must first be made. One must know the difference between diversity management and culture of diversity. Diversity management involves establishing long term goals to develop, promote, and utilize the skills of a diverse workforce (Marquis, Lim, Scott, 2008). By culture of diversity, it is meant that an institutional environment is built on the values of fairness, diversity, mutual respect, understand, and cooperation (Loden Rosener, 1991). A culture that values diversity emphasizes the importance of employees of different races, cultures, ages, genders, sexual orientations, values, beliefs, ethics, and abilities to work together effectively (Lussier, 2012). Diversity Management with an Emphasis on Valuing Diversity There are four main aspects of diversity management are the support of top management, diversity leadership, policies and procedures, and diversity  training (Lussier, 2012). There must be an emphasis of valuing diversity into each of the four aspects of diversity management: management support, diversity leadership, policies, and training. Management Support Diversity management begins with support from top management. While valuing diversity most often begins at the bottom in organizations, it must involve those at the top if it is to succeed long term (Loden Rosener, 1991). Fostering the right organizational culture is one of the most important responsibilities of a chief executive (McDermott, 2001). Billings-Harris and Anderson (2010) state: The CEO’s understanding and willingness to engage and challenge the organization’s leaders with respect to the vision, business strategy, financials, goals, and objectives are critical for survival. This is no less true for the CEO’s involvement with the inclusion and diversity strategy. When led effectively, these initiatives are embedded in the overall strategy and can act as one of a few powerful people-focused catalysts that drive business results. (p.28) Cox (2001), asserts that to ensure management support in diversity initiatives, an organization should create a separate senior executive position focused on diversity objectives. This diversity director should be involved in all aspects of the firm and should attempt to make diversity an overall business requirement (Cox, 2001). Loden and Rosener (1991) state that once diversity is accepted as an organizational value, a new set of assumptions begins to operate within the organization, and that these assumptions are based on the positive contributions that diversity is perceived to offer. As part of a long-term strategy aimed at changing the corporate culture, many executives participate in team building sessions and other activities designed to encourage open dialogue among employees about diversity issues (Lod en Rosener, 1991). Diversity Leadership The second key aspect to diversity management is diversity leadership. Leaders should be able to influence employees to work toward the organization’s objectives (Lussier, 2012). The organization’s leadership should cultivate a mindset that acknowledges that diversity requires long-term cultural change and interprets diversity to include all people (Loden, 1996). Loden (1996) states that rhetorical statements advocating  diversity will not by themselves motivate change, and extensive leadership involvement is needed to help diffuse the principles of diversity throughout the organization and into the attitudes of employees. This involvement requires time and energy on the part of senior leaders and is the most significant sign that diversity is a high priority in an organization (Loden, 1996). Policies and Procedures Policies and procedures of an organization regarding diversity make up the third aspect of diversity management. â€Å"EEO is a legalistic response to workplace discrimination originally mandated by law. Affirmative action programs are outgrowths of equal employment law.† (Loden Rosener, 1991) Loden and Rosener (1991) conclude that while these programs have led to changes in the composition of the labor force, they have not been linked to an organizational culture change. They state that valuing diversity builds on the basic premise of equal employment law and affirmative action, and that by focusing on the quality of the work environment, valuing diversity moves beyond affirmative action (Loden Rosener, 1991). It acknowledges that hiring and promoting diverse people does not automatically lead to mutual respect, cooperation, and true integration (Loden Rosener, 1991). Diversity Training The last aspect of diversity management is diversity training, also sometimes referred to as awareness training. Diversity training programs aim to make people more aware of the issues and the opportunities that exist in reducing differential treatment, including awareness of attitudes behaviors, and biases (Morrison, 1992). According to Morrison (1992), focusing on theories, principles, demographic changes, and organizational benefits of increased diversity is common in diversity training, but it is unlikely to cause individuals to examine their personal values, attitudes, and behaviors. Diversity education is not achieved by one or two workshops, but requires a consistent, continuous effort to understand diversity concepts (Thomas, 2005). Diversity or awareness training for most organizations should consist of three major steps: (1) Begin with leadership education. (2) Follow up with general manager and employee education about stereotyping and the dimensions of diversity. (3) Continue with ongoing seminars in  managing diversity as a vital resource, understanding the dimensions of diversity, career development/efficacy of training for diverse employees, and so on (Loden Rosener, 1991, p. 204). Accountability for Diversity Even though it is not one of the four main aspects of diversity management, it is important to talk about rewarding behavior that values diversity. As efforts to create the culture of diversity evolve, Morrison (1992) states that the three most commonly revised administrative procedures to hold employees accountable are performance evaluations and resulting financial rewards, succession planning, and promotion systems. Employees and management at all levels should be held accountable for nurturing a culture that values diversity, and responsibility must be distributed throughout the organization if diversity goals are to be achieved (Morrison, 1992). Even in cases where employees do not personally endorse the philosophy, their workplace behavior should still be expected to support this change (Loden Rosener, 1991). Conclusions In conclusion, diversity management does not focus on recruitment and hiring practices. Recruitment and hiring polices, such as Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action, are short term objectives and do not address organizational growth and development (Marquis, Lim, Scott, 2008). Diversity management is a long term focus on developing and utilizing the skills of a divorce labor force and focuses on striving to achieve organizational objectives while creating a positive work environment (Marquis, Lim, Scott, 2008). However, diversity management is only effective if the culture of the organization values diversity (Sidel, 2009). An emphasis on valuing diversity needs to be implemented and supported by top management, and the leaders of an organization need to cultivate the belief and value of diversity (Loden, 1996). Programs and policies must go above and beyond the minimum legal requirements for recruitment and selection (Loden Rosener, 1991). Training and awareness pr ograms should include education about differences in beliefs, cultures, and opinions (Morrison, 1992).

Jewish history :: essays research papers

1. If I was Jewish and I were to capture a German soldier, the first thing I would do is beat insensibly until I know he won’t fight back. Second, I would find out where he is stationed at, get all his identification, learn all I can about him and take his uniform and everything else he has. I know he won’t just start spitting information out, so we will do alittle torturing till he wishes he dies. Then, after he tells us the information, I will go done to his station and find out more on their plans. So will be like a Jewish spy. These actions will affect me, and my family because I am trying to do anything for our family to be safe. Because if they discover me, the will immediately kill me. 2. If I was in that position I will do everything I can for them to take me. I would even risk my life for them to leave my daughters alone. I would fight with them to get them mad, and hate me even more. Then they will change their minds and take me. My actions would affect my kids, my daughters, and especially me. While I’m fighting with them, they could just kill me right there. 3. What I would do is take that box, hide it for a while because I know the Germans will find out. So when they forget about it, I’ll sneak it out and take as much as I can for my family and I. Then I will give the rest to a family that indeed they need the food. The actions won’t affect no one unless they find out, the food will be nutritious for us, for our health and especially for our lives. 4. As soon as I hear about those laws, the first thing I would do is leave the country with my family. So in this case I would avoid any and every conflict I could have. It wouldn’t be nothing serious only that my family and I would finally be safe.

The DaVinci Code

The Da Vinci Code is creation of Dan Brown’s mental regime or a fact. It is for the people to decide whether these theories belong to Brown's imagination or the skeleton of ‘facts' that supports the book. The early church history just can't stay out of the news. The DaVinci Code contains many more claims about Christianity's historic origins and theological development. Almost every thing our fathers told about Christ is false. Brown argues a single meeting of bishops in 325, at the city of Nicea in modern-day Turkey.There, church leaders who wanted to consolidate their power base created a divine Christ and an infallible Scripture-both novelties that had never before existed among Christians. One of the key points put forward by Brown as Da Vinci code truth is that the Bible cannot be trusted. Certain portions of the literature that Brown proclaimed as ‘Bible' do have fallacies. The early books called the Gnostic Gospels often disagree with the inspired gospels of God’s Word. The Da Vinci Code novel involves a conspiracy by the Catholic Church to cover up the â€Å"true† story of Jesus.In the book, the Vatican knows it is living a lie but continues to do so to keep itself in power. The novel has helped generate popular interest in speculation concerning the Holy Grail legend and the role of Mary Magdalene in the history of Christianity. Fans have lauded the book as creative, action-packed and thought-provoking. Critics have attacked it as poorly written, inaccurate and creating confusion between speculation and fact. From a religious point of view, some critics consider it sacrilegious, and decry the many negative implications about the Catholic Church and Opus Dei.Negating any deep rooted belief after 20 centuries is very difficult, if we see the other side of story. It is more difficult for those who have attained certain level in spiritual world through Christianity. It is a matter of debate as who were the gainer-Bishops or society. Christianity is just a path or media to gain spiritualism. It is not important which path you choose to gain spiritualism. Christianity or any religion in the world is for betterment and to provide a clean society. Sanctity of the Bible; Incomplete input gives out a wrong outputThe Bible's composition and consolidation may appear a bit too human for the comfort of some Christians; Brown claims â€Å"the Bible did not arrive by fax from heaven† In The Da Vinci Code, Brown apparently adopts Arius as his representative for all pre-Nicene Christianity. In reality, early Christians overwhelmingly worshipped Jesus Christ as their risen Saviour and Lord. Before the church adopted comprehensive doctrinal creeds, early Christian leaders developed a set of instructional summaries of belief, termed the â€Å"Rule† or â€Å"Canon† of Faith, which affirmed this truth.With the Bible playing a central role in Christianity, Brown claims that Constantine commissioned a nd bankrolled a staff to manipulate existing texts and thereby divinize the human Christ.. But some people may argue; at this stage, it is impossible to collect sufficient input to arrive on any concrete conclusion. It’s a universal fact that none of us has seen Jesus Christ. It is hard to believe unless we witness. We draw a conclusion based on available inputs, which may further have many variables. Bible's composition and consolidation was necessary to communicate many and into its correct form.Bible draws a line between rights and wrongs, Do’s and Don’ts or in other words it provides a proven track for the people to follow and help them to take their own judgment in day to day life. People are wondering if Brown’s book contains Da Vinci truth. The introductory note of the book says, â€Å"all descriptions of documents and secret rituals are accurate. † Is this a true statement? Is there such a thing as Da Vinci Code truth? So how much of The Da Vinci Code is truth? When asked how much of his book is based on â€Å"reality in terms of things that actually occurred,† author Dan Brown said, â€Å"Absolutely all of it.Although Brown claims that the book is filled with truths, the people must keep in mind that this claim is included in the first paragraphs of a fiction book. Even claims that something is true, when found in a fiction book, are still fiction. If Brown had truly wanted to enlighten the world about his true nature of Jesus and the Catholic Church, he would have done so in a non-fiction setting. Why then did Brown assert in interviews that the information contained within his book was true? Booming of ‘The Da Vinci Code' and Christianity; A logical analysisThe Da Vinci Code proves that some misguided theories never entirely fade away. They just reappear periodically in a different disguise. Brown's claims resemble those of Arius and his numerous heirs throughout history, who have contradicted the uni ted testimony of the apostles and the early church they built. Those witnesses have always attested that Jesus Christ was and remains God himself. It didn't take an ancient council to make this true. And the pseudo historical claims of a modern novel can't make it false.Some Christians have optimistically hoped that The Da Vinci Code might provide a potential opportunity for dialogue and discussion about Jesus with people who might not otherwise be open to such discussions. Booming of Da Vinci code may have many reasons. It may not be wise to correlate its sale to acceptance of the people- for some people it’s a novel, some want to analyze and do the self assessment of their faith and for some it may be of academic interest. Threat to Christianity is beyond imagination. The reason being; the very first question is about existence of God.If the answer is ‘No' then there may arise millions of questions to which today’s world still in search of an answer. If the ans wer is ‘Yes’ then there has to be certain rule and requires source and some media to communicate. Unless, the source is either ‘Supernatural' or ‘Super human', it is hard for the people to rely on it. We find Jesus Christ exactly fits into this place. Therefore The Da Vinci code can never ever be a threat to Christianity. References 1) Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code; Doubleday (USA); 2003 2) The Da Vinci Code, Special Illustrated Edition, Doubleday; November 2, 2004,

Babysitting for Sociology

Over the past seven years I have come to learn many different things about myself and about children due to babysitting. I first started babysitting when I was a about eleven years of age. I started off by watching my younger brothers when my parents went out at night. That affected my biological rhythm (274). My body was used to going to sleep around nine o’clock since I was still young, but I had to force myself to stay up so I could watch over my brothers while they slept. I sometimes found myself staying up till about midnight! Since I was so tired from staying up it seemed to have an affect on my sleeping also.It seemed like I would have more dreams that I could vividly remember the next morning (280). The next couple of nights after I babysat, it seemed like by body was on REM rebound due to the stages of REM sleep I would miss (276). Now that I am older I have trained my body to be able to stay awake and not feel like I had sleep derivation the next day (280). During th e duration of training my body to stay awake late, I learned a few things the hard way. I first thought that if I drank a lot of caffeine I would be able to stay awake longer and easier.Well that thought nearly ruined me! It wasn’t soon after I started relying on caffeine that my body became tolerant to it, and it seemed like I couldn’t go sleep without it or wake up without it (297)! At first it seemed like I was going through a withdrawal period (297). My body was craving the caffeine so badly that I felt sick without it. From that experience I have learned that doing homework or talking on the phone helps me stay awake while I am waiting on the children’s parents to get home. I am lucky that I have only suffered from addiction to caffeine and not drugs.A friend of mine became addicted to cocaine due to having to stay awake late for school. When she took that drug she said it made her feel like she could stay awake forever. To stay awake that is what a person wants to feel. Cocaine addiction is a fast track from euphoria to crash (301). Through my many years of experience in babysitting I have learned that most children fall under the category of associative learning. Associative learning is learning that certain events occur together (315). For example with most children after everything they do there is some sort of consequence.Younger kids have a tendency to get into things that they shouldn’t. Therefore, after they get into something that is off limits, they get in trouble. After watching kids fall under that category I also realized that many adults fall under it also. It seems like after every action there is a consequence. Here are some examples of kids actions and the responses they get. When a kid eats or drinks, automatically they have to use pee or poop afterwards. That is an example of unconditioned response (317). The substance the kid puts in their mouth is the unconditioned stimulus (317).A kid has to use the restro om soon after they eat because they haven’t quite learned how to control their urges. That is why they sometimes also go the bathroom in their pants. I learned a lot about babysitting through observational learning. Observational learning is observing and intimating others (341). When I was younger and I was unable to baby sit, a close family friend used to come over and watch my brothers and I. I learned a lot of from her. I learned many games from her that I now play with the kids I baby-sit. That comes in handy when I try to keep all of the kids occupied.Another thing that I learned from her that comes in handy when babysitting is patience. Patience plays a very big role. Kids repeat things over and over again, in other words they don’t know when to quit. That turns into getting on my nerves a lot. I have learned not to let it bother me as much. I have taught myself to take a deep breath when that happens and try to get the kids minds on something else. There are tw o different kinds of reinforcement I use with the kids while I baby-sit. They are positive and negative reinforcement (329).I use positive reinforcement when the kids do something that is good. For example, if they clean off their plates after they eat and get everything ready for bed, I will give them a good night treat. If the kids do something bad or if they go against what I tell them to do, I use negative reinforcement. Negative reinforcement may be they do not get a good night treat, they have to go to bed a half an hour early, or I may even give a bad report to their parents. I only give a bad report to the parents if they didn’t listen to me at all, or if they continued to back talk me.I find a lot that latent learning occurs a lot with the kids also (334). While I am baby-sitting I try to teach the kids something new every time. Sometimes they pick it right up other times it takes a while. For example, I try to teach the kids to always wash their hands before and aft er they eat. I teach them by making a point to let them know what I am doing when I wash my hands. Soon after, I will catch one of the kids trying to reach the facet to turn it on so they can wash their hands. When it comes to the kids memory, its not very long.It seems like to me that kids only remember things if they really want it. Other than that, they have short term memory. Short term memory is when you learn something but shortly afterwards you forget what it is (362). For example, when I am helping the kids clean up their room I try to tell them where stuff goes so that they can do it on their own. Well every time it comes to clean up time, they don’t remember where anything goes. When ever the kids do remember what I have said or taught them, they are retrieving memories from storage. Storage is the heart of memory (361).Through all of my years of baby-sitting and experiences, I have learned many things about myself and about the kids I watch. I am now able to predic t what certain kids are going to do or say at a certain time. I have gotten to know each of their personalities and became familiar with they things they like and the things they don’t like. I am also familiar with the things they know and what things they do not know. Through everything the kids put me through and taught me, I have learned a very important thing about myself. I love working with kids and that is what I hope to do in life regardless of what field it is in.

Free Essays on Bluetooth

Introduction The purpose of this research is to overview of the Bluetooth concept. It strives to cover Bluetooth technical aspects and Bluetooth applications. The document begins with an introduction to describe the Bluetooth background and the Bluetooth standardization organization. Next, the Bluetooth technology will be discussed. Bluetooth protocol layers and their configuration are described in the Bluetooth architecture section. Moreover, a number of usage models will be presented. Finally, the document will be concluded by a summary section. Background Bluetooth technology is a global standard that eliminates wires and cables between both stationary and mobile devices. It also facilitates both data and voice communication and offers the possibility of ad hoc networks and delivers the ultimate synchronicity between all personal devices. The idea that resulted in the Bluetooth wireless technology was born in 1994 when Ericsson Mobile Communications decided to investigate the feasibility of a low-power, low-cost radio interface between mobile phones and their accessories. The Bluetooth wireless technology comprises hardware, software and interoperability requirements. It has been adopted not only by all major players in the telecom, computer and home entertainment industry, but also in such diverse areas as the automotive industry and healthcare, automation and toys, etc. – almost all sectors of the economy. The technology The Bluetooth Specification defines a short (around 10 m) or optionally a medium range (around 100 m) radio link capable of voice or data transmission to a maximum capacity of 720 kbps per channel. The Bluetooth technology supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections. Radio frequency operation is in the unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 2.4 to 2.48 GHz, using a spread spectrum, frequency hoping, full-duplex signal at up to 1600 hops/sec. The signal hops among 79 fre... Free Essays on Bluetooth Free Essays on Bluetooth Introduction The purpose of this research is to overview of the Bluetooth concept. It strives to cover Bluetooth technical aspects and Bluetooth applications. The document begins with an introduction to describe the Bluetooth background and the Bluetooth standardization organization. Next, the Bluetooth technology will be discussed. Bluetooth protocol layers and their configuration are described in the Bluetooth architecture section. Moreover, a number of usage models will be presented. Finally, the document will be concluded by a summary section. Background Bluetooth technology is a global standard that eliminates wires and cables between both stationary and mobile devices. It also facilitates both data and voice communication and offers the possibility of ad hoc networks and delivers the ultimate synchronicity between all personal devices. The idea that resulted in the Bluetooth wireless technology was born in 1994 when Ericsson Mobile Communications decided to investigate the feasibility of a low-power, low-cost radio interface between mobile phones and their accessories. The Bluetooth wireless technology comprises hardware, software and interoperability requirements. It has been adopted not only by all major players in the telecom, computer and home entertainment industry, but also in such diverse areas as the automotive industry and healthcare, automation and toys, etc. – almost all sectors of the economy. The technology The Bluetooth Specification defines a short (around 10 m) or optionally a medium range (around 100 m) radio link capable of voice or data transmission to a maximum capacity of 720 kbps per channel. The Bluetooth technology supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections. Radio frequency operation is in the unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 2.4 to 2.48 GHz, using a spread spectrum, frequency hoping, full-duplex signal at up to 1600 hops/sec. The signal hops among 79 fre... Free Essays on Bluetooth Introduction The purpose of this research is to overview of the Bluetooth concept. It strives to cover Bluetooth technical aspects and Bluetooth applications. The document begins with an introduction to describe the Bluetooth background and the Bluetooth standardization organization. Next, the Bluetooth technology will be discussed. Bluetooth protocol layers and their configuration are described in the Bluetooth architecture section. Moreover, a number of usage models will be presented. Finally, the document will be concluded by a summary section. Background Bluetooth technology is a global standard that eliminates wires and cables between both stationary and mobile devices. It also facilitates both data and voice communication and offers the possibility of ad hoc networks and delivers the ultimate synchronicity between all personal devices. The idea that resulted in the Bluetooth wireless technology was born in 1994 when Ericsson Mobile Communications decided to investigate the feasibility of a low-power, low-cost radio interface between mobile phones and their accessories. The Bluetooth wireless technology comprises hardware, software and interoperability requirements. It has been adopted not only by all major players in the telecom, computer and home entertainment industry, but also in such diverse areas as the automotive industry and healthcare, automation and toys, etc. – almost all sectors of the economy. The technology The Bluetooth Specification defines a short (around 10 m) or optionally a medium range (around 100 m) radi o link capable of voice or data transmission to a maximum capacity of 720 kbps per channel. The Bluetooth technology supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections. Radio frequency operation is in the unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 2.4 to 2.48 GHz, using a spread spectrum, frequency hoping, full-duplex signal at up to 1600 hops/sec. The signal hops among 79 f... Free Essays on Bluetooth As Bluetooth and 802.11 emerged over the past several years, many people thought that Bluetooth would compete heavily with 802.11. The introduction of Bluetooth products has been much slower than 802.11 products. The introduction of Bluetooth in May of 1998 was the result of several companies, such as Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, and Toshiba, working together to create a solution to provide wireless access to computing devices. The result is considered ideal for small devices, short range, and low power radio links. This makes Bluetooth a good fit for connecting PCs and laptop computers, phones, printers, PDA’s, and cameras. IEEE has made Bluetooth the basis for the 802.15 standard for wireless personal area networks. Bluetooth operates in the 2.4GHz band, using frequency hopping spread spectrum technology. It constantly hops over the entire spectrum at a rate of about 1,600 hops per second. Low power Bluetooth devices have a range of about 30 feet. Higher powered Bluetooth devices, however, can reach distances of around 300 feet, but this is fairly rare. One major downfall of Bluetooth is its relatively slow operation. Data rates are only a couple of megabits-per-second (Mbps), well below that of 802.11a and 802.11b. The 802.11 standard was completed in June of 1997 and is the basis of the Wi-Fi standard. Since then there have been some additions to the standard, namely 802.11a and 802.11b. Right now 802.11b is the most popular version, operating in the 2.4GHz spectrum with maximum data rates of 11Mbps and a range of about 300 feet. 802.11a is much faster than 802.11b at 54Mbps but has somewhat less range because of operation in the higher frequency 5GHz band. But there is significant competition for the market between 802.11 and Bluetooth, because higher powered Bluetooth components are capable of achieving 802.11 ranges. The current Bluetooth products, however, are mostly low power and focus on wireless functions. In ad...

The Merchant of Venice Act 1 Summary

'The Merchant of Venice' Act 1 Summary Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice is a fantastic play and boasts one of Shakespeares most memorable villains, the Jewish moneylender, Shylock. This Merchant of Venice Act 1 summary guides you through the plays opening scenes in modern English. Here, Shakespeare takes the time to introduce his main characters - most notably Portia, one of the strongest women parts in all Shakespeares plays. Act 1 Scene 1 Antonio is speaking to his friends Salerio and Solanio. He explains that a sadness has come over him. His friends suggest that his sadness could be due to him worrying about his commercial ventures. He has ships at sea with merchandise in them and they could be vulnerable. Antonio says he is not worried about his ships because his goods are spread between them and if one went down he would still have the others. His friends suggest that he must then be in love, Antonio denies this. Bassanio, Lorenzo, and Graziano arrive as Salerio and Solanio leave. Lorenzo says that now Bassanio and Antonio have been reunited they will make their leave but arrange to meet up later for dinner. Graziano tries to cheer Antonio up but to no avail, he tells Antonio that men who try to be melancholy in order to be perceived as wise are deceived. Graziano and Lorenzo leave. Bassanio complains that Graziano has nothing to say but just will not stop talking. â€Å"Graziano speaks an infinite deal of nothing† (Act 1 Scene 1) Antonio asks Bassanio to tell him about the woman he has fallen for and intends to pursue. Bassanio acknowledges that he has borrowed a lot of money from Antonio over the years and promises to clear his debts to him: To you Antonio, I owe the most in money and in love, And from your love I have a warranty to unburden all my plots and purposes how to get clear of all the debts I owe.(Act 1 Scene 1). Bassanio explains that he has fallen in love with Portia the heiress of Belmont but that she has other richer suitors, he just wants to try to compete with them in order to win her hand. He needs money to get there. Antonio tells him that all his money is tied up in his business but that he will act as a guarantor for any loan that he can get. Act 1 Scene 2 Enter Portia with Nerissa her waiting woman. Portia complains that she is weary of the world. Her dead father stipulated, in his will, that she herself cannot choose a husband. Portia’s suitors will be given a choice of three chests; one gold, one silver, and one lead. The winning chest contains a portrait of Portia and in choosing the correct chest he will win her hand in marriage. He must agree that if he chooses the wrong chest he will not be permitted to marry anyone. Nerissa lists suitors who have come to guess including the Neopolitan Prince, County Palatine, A French Lord and an English nobleman. Portia mocks each of the gentlemen for their shortcomings. In particular, a German nobleman who was a drinker, Nerissa asks if Portia remembers him she says: Very vilely in the morning when he is sober, and most viley in the afternoon when he is drunk. When he is best he is little worse than a man, and when he is worse he is little better than a beast. An the worst fall that ever fell, I hope I shall make shift to go without him.(Act 1 Scene 2). The men listed all left before guessing for fear that they would get it wrong and face the consequences. Portia is determined to follow her father’s will and be won in the way in which he wished but she is happy that none of the men who have come have succeeded. Nerissa reminds Portia of a young gentleman, a Venetian scholar, and soldier who visited her when her father was alive. Portia remembers Bassanio fondly and believes him to be worthy of praise. It is announced that the Prince of Morocco is coming to woo her but she is not particularly happy about it.

Emiliano Zapata (For Latin American Humanities class) Research Paper

Emiliano Zapata (For Latin American Humanities class) - Research Paper Example Soon after being elected the mayor of Anenecuilco town in 1909, he started to defend the peasants’ debt peons’ lands, from the greedy sugarcane plantations owners. He managed to assemble thousands of peasants’ men and he remunerated them by collecting taxes from provincial cities as well as extorting from the affluent (Chasteen 219). Zapata arms mostly came from the captured from federal troops and they were wanted change from the higher level. That is why he decided to ambush the well-off, national institutions, as well as the federal army anywhere and when possible. Even though his peasants’ army acquired land and began to work on it, Zapata faced problems especially when changing from guerrilla aggravation to open combat, something which did not produce his desired victory (McLynn 221). His armed revolutionaries were referred to as Zapatistas who were mostly rural peasants. The alliance between him and Francesco Madero saw the overthrow of President Porfirio Diaz in 1910 (Chasteen 219). However, this alliance did not last for a long period, since him and Madero had dissimilar ideologies. Zapata was more concerned about land reforms something which Madero did not believe in. When Madero was overthrown by his key General, known as Victoriano Huerta, Zapata joined forces with Venustiano Carranza and Alvaro Obregà ³n to defeat Huerta in 1914, before they turned against each other (McLynn 213). Zapata was later killed in 1919 after being tricked to appear in a meeting with Jesà ºs Guajardo who was sent by Pablo Gonzà ¡lez a close general of president Venustiano Carranza (MicrosoftCorporation para 3). Some of Zapata notable achievements include the formation of the agrarian commissions, which were responsible for distributing land with no favoritism, in addition to being free of the practice whereby landowners could corrupt the

International Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International Business - Research Paper Example The first branch was opened at Miami. Burger King adopted a tradition of quick service which attracted many Burger King made a business strategy with clear goals and objectives that saw it expand rapidly and made more profits than initially following the reduction in the overall sales and profits of the business. They wanted to have a new look, and virtually changed how everything was being run. The plan included strategic analysis of the business environment, identification of the business threats and the opportunities available in the market, extensive advertisements, quality control checkup and good customer relations including introduction of arrange of new food products in the market with even better tastes (Penrose, 1995). Burger King has a number of fast food products that in cooperated different prices. This made more sales to be realized as the customers could find what they were willing to pay for. In addition to this, Burger King prepares its hamburgers with a different me thod from other competitors by introducing the method of flame broiling a part from the usual frying method. This availability of different ways of food preparation captures customers of both methods (Kor, 2003). This popularized Burger King among the lovers of hamburgers leading to a popular theme of you can get it the way you want it. Today, Burger King is one of the leading food restaurants in the whole world. It boasts of around 12,000 outlets in fifty states in the United States of America. A number of these restaurants are located in the USA and is reported to account for nearly two thirds of the restaurants. Its presence is also felt in over 74 countries in the world, bringing to a total of approximately 400,000 employees all over the world. In addition to this, Burger King has a strategy to expand its total operating branches all over the world by between 3-4 percent every year. More profit from the Burger King businesses’ are realized from Canada and US, indicating w here sales are done as compared to the other outlets. For instance, the total value of units sold in the year 2009 from Canada and US was USD 2.54 billion. This trend of Burger King concentrating most of the restaurant branches in the US should change in order to avoid unpredicted threats. For example, if the US laws on taxation change so that business entities are over tax or the purchasing power parity of the US may become low leading to low customer demand which may see prices of food products falling below the equilibrium. Currently there are property rights in the USA but the future is uncertain for any country in the world. Change in politics may also play another factor that may lead to losses when a business concentrates its branches in one country. In addition a strong competitor may emerge in the US backed by powerful sources that can see Burger King run out of their money in the US. Therefore it can be recommended for Burger Kings to look beyond the US market by opening m ore branches in other countries like China, India, Japan other fast coming economies that has seen their economy grow faster than for the US. Burger King continues being successful perhaps in relation to their long time existence in the market characterized by a number of experiences gained in the last fifty years being brought over board. Burger King is a well known brand by millions of consumers to be an entity that always provide exceptional services to its customers besides quality